Aminet 6/Aminet 6 - June 1995.iso/Aminet/docs/misc/wfbook93_texi.lha/texi/145.data

Text File | 1995-03-27 | 10.5 KB | 371 lines

@node Header (Macedonia)
@section Header (Macedonia)

@display

  Macedonia has proclaimed independent statehood but has not been formally
  recognized as a state by the United States.



@end display

@node Geography (Macedonia)
@section Geography (Macedonia)

@display

Location:
  Southern Europe, between Serbia and Montenegro and Greece
Map references:
  Ethnic Groups in Eastern Europe, Europe, Standard Time Zones of the World
Area:
 total area:
  25,333 km2
 land area:
  24,856 km2
 comparative area:
  slightly larger than Vermont
Land boundaries:
  total 748 km, Albania 151 km, Bulgaria 148 km, Greece 228 km, Serbia and
  Montenegro 221 km (all with Serbia)
Coastline:
  0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims:
  none; landlocked
International disputes:
  Greece claims republic's name implies territorial claims against Aegean
  Macedonia
Climate:
  hot, dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall
Terrain:
  mountainous territory covered with deep basins and valleys; there are three
  large lakes, each divided by a frontier line
Natural resources:
  chromium, lead, zinc, manganese, tungsten, nickel, low-grade iron ore,
  asbestos, sulphur, timber
Land use:
 arable land:
  5%
 permanent crops:
  5%
 meadows and pastures:
  20%
 forest and woodland:
  30%
 other:
  40%
Irrigated land:
  NA km2
Environment:
  Macedonia suffers from high seismic hazard; air pollution from metallurgical
  plants
Note:
  landlocked; major transportation corridor from Western and Central Europe to
  Aegean Sea and Southern Europe to Western Europe



@end display

@node People (Macedonia)
@section People (Macedonia)

@display

Population:
  2,193,951 (July 1993 est.)
Population growth rate:
  0.91% (1993 est.)
Birth rate:
  15.91 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Death rate:
  6.79 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Net migration rate:
  0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
  29.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
 total population:
  73.19 years
 male:
  71.15 years
 female:
  75.41 years (1993 est.)
Total fertility rate:
  2 children born/woman (1993 est.)
Nationality:
 noun:
  Macedonian(s)
 adjective:
  Macedonian
Ethnic divisions:
  Macedonian 67%, Albanian 21%, Turkish 4%, Serb 2%, other 6%
Religions:
  Eastern Orthodox 59%, Muslim 26%, Catholic 4%, Protestant 1%, other 10%
Languages:
  Macedonian 70%, Albanian 21%, Turkish 3%, Serbo-Croatian 3%, other 3%
Literacy:
 total population:
  NA%
 male:
  NA%
 female:
  NA%
Labor force:
  507,324
 by occupation:
  agriculture 8%, manufacturing and mining 40% (1990)



@end display

@node Government (Macedonia)
@section Government (Macedonia)

@display

Names:
 conventional long form:
  Republic of Macedonia
 conventional short form:
  Macedonia  local long form:
  Republika Makedonija
 local short form:
  Makedonija
Digraph:
  MK
Type:
  emerging democracy
Capital:
  Skopje
Administrative divisions:
  34 districts (opcine, singular - opcina) Berovo, Bitola, Brod, Debar,
  Delcevo, Demir Hisar, Gevgelija, Gostivar, Kavadarci, Kicevo, Kocani,
  Kratovo, Kriva Palanka, Krusevo, Kumanovo, Negotino, Ohrid, Prilep,
  Probistip, Radovis, Resen, Skopje-Centar, Skopje-Cair, Skopje-Karpos,
  Skopje-Kisela Voda, Skopje-Gazi Baba, Stip, Struga, Strumica, Sveti Nikole,
  Tetovo, Titov Veles, Valandovo, Vinica
Independence:
  20 November 1991 (from Yugoslavia)
Constitution:
  adopted 17 November 1991, effective 20 November 1991
Legal system:
  based on civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts
National holiday:
  NA
Political parties and leaders:
  Social-Democratic League of Macedonia (SDSM; former Communist Party), Branko
  CRVENKOVSKI, president; Party for Democratic Prosperity in Macedonia (PDPM),
  Nevzat HALILI, president; National Democratic Party (PDP), Ilijas HALINI,
  president; Alliance of Reform Forces of Macedonia (SRSM), Stojan ANDOV,
  president; Socialist Party of Macedonia (SPM), Kiro POPOVSKI, president;
  Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization - Democratic Party for
  Macedonian National Unity (VMRO-DPMNE), Ljupco GEORGIEVSKI, president; Party
  of Yugoslavs in Macedonia (SJM), Milan DURCINOV, president
Other political or pressure groups:
  Movement for All Macedonian Action (MAAK); League for Democracy; Albanian
  Democratic Union-Liberal Party
Suffrage:
  18 years of age; universal
Elections:
 President:
  last held 27 January 1991 (next to be held NA); results - Kiro GLIGOROV was
  elected by the Assembly
 Assembly:
  last held 11 and 25 November and 9 December 1990 (next to be held NA);
  results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (120 total) VMRO-DPMNE 37,
  SDSM 31, PDPM 25, SRSM 17, SJM 1, SPM 5, others 4
Executive branch:
  president, Council of Ministers, prime minister
Legislative branch:
  unicameral Assembly (Sobranje)
Judicial branch:
  Constitutional Court, Judicial Court of the Republic



@end display

@node Government (Macedonia 2. usage)
@section Government (Macedonia 2. usage)

@display

Leaders:
 Chief of State:
  President Kiro GLIGOROV (since 27 January 1991)
 Head of Government:
  Prime Minister Branko CRVENKOVSKI (since NA September 1992), Deputy Prime
  Ministers Jovan ANDONOV (since NA March 1991), Stevo CRVENKOVSKI (since NA
  September 1992), and Becir ZUTA (since NA March 1991)
Member of:
  EBRD, ICAO, IMF, UN, UNCTAD, WMO
Diplomatic representation in US:
  none; US does not recognize Macedonia
US diplomatic representation:
  none; US does not recognize Macedonia
Flag:
  16-point gold sun (Vergino, Sun) centered on a red field



@end display

@node Economy (Macedonia)
@section Economy (Macedonia)

@display

Overview:
  Macedonia, although the poorest among the six republics of a dissolved
  Yugoslav federation, can meet basic food and energy needs through its own
  agricultural and coal resources. It will, however, move down toward a bare
  subsistence level of life unless economic ties are reforged or enlarged with
  its neighbors Serbia and Montenegro, Albania, Greece, and Bulgaria. The
  economy depends on outside sources for all of its oil and gas and its modern
  machinery and parts. Continued political turmoil, both internally and in the
  region as a whole, prevents any swift readjustments of trade patterns and
  economic programs. Inflation in early 1992 was out of control, the result of
  fracturing trade links, the decline in economic activity, and general
  uncertainties about the future status of the country; prices rose 38% in
  March 1992 alone. In August 1992, Greece, angry at the use of "Macedonia" as
  the republic's name, imposed a partial blockade for several months. This
  blockade, combined with the effects of the UN sanctions on Serbia and
  Montenegro, cost the economy approximately $1 billion in 1992 according to
  official figures. Macedonia's geographical isolation, technological
  backwardness, and potential political instability place it far down the list
  of countries of interest to Western investors. Resolution of the dispute
  with Greece and an internal commitment to economic reform would help to
  encourage foreign investment over the long run. In the immediate future, the
  worst scenario for the economy would be the spread of fighting across its
  borders.
National product:
  GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $7.1 billion (1991 est.)
National product real growth rate:
  -18% (1991 est.)
National product per capita:
  $3,110 (1991 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
  114.9% (1991 est.)
Unemployment rate:
  20% (1991 est.)
Budget:   revenues $NA; expenditures $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA
Exports:
  $578 million (1990)
 commodities:
  manufactured goods 40%, machinery and transport equipment 14%, miscellaneous
  manufactured articles 23%, raw materials 7.6%, food (rice) and live animals
  5.7%, beverages and tobacco 4.5%, chemicals 4.7%
 partners:
  principally Serbia and Montenegro and the other former Yugoslav republics,
  Germany, Greece, Albania
Imports:
  $1,112 million (1990)
 commodities:
  fuels and lubricants 19%, manufactured goods 18%, machinery and transport
  equipment 15%, food and live animals 14%, chemicals 11.4%, raw materials
  10%, miscellaneous manufactured articles 8.0%, beverages and tobacco 3.5%
 partners:
  other former Yugoslav republics, Greece, Albania, Germany, Bulgaria
External debt:
  $845.8 million
Industrial production:
  growth rate -18% (1991 est.)
Electricity:
  1,600,000 kw capacity; 6,300 million kWh produced, 2,900 kWh per capita
  (1992)



@end display

@node Economy (Macedonia 2. usage)
@section Economy (Macedonia 2. usage)

@display

Industries:
  low levels of technology predominate, such as, oil refining by distillation
  only; produces basic liquid fuels, coal, metallic chromium, lead, zinc, and
  ferronickel; light industry produces basic textiles, wood products, and
  tobacco
Agriculture:
  provides 12% of GDP and meets the basic need for food; principal crops are
  rice, tobacco, wheat, corn, and millet; also grown are cotton, sesame,
  mulberry leaves, citrus fruit, and vegetables; Macedonia is one of the seven
  legal cultivators of the opium poppy for the world pharmaceutical industry,
  including some exports to the US; agricultural production is highly labor
  intensive
Illicit drugs:
  NA
Economic aid:
  $10 million from the US for humanitarian and technical assistance; EC
  promised a 100 ECU million economic aid package
Currency:
  1 denar (abbreviation NA) = 100 NA
Exchange rates:
  denar per US$1 - 240 (January 1991)
Fiscal year:
  calendar year



@end display

@node Communications (Macedonia)
@section Communications (Macedonia)

@display

Railroads:
  NA
Highways:
  10,591 km total (1991); 5,091 km paved, 1,404 km gravel, 4,096 km earth
Inland waterways:
  NA km
Pipelines:
  none
Ports:
  none; landlocked
Airports:
 total:
  17
 useable:
  17
 with permanent-surface runways:
  9
 with runways over 3,659 m:
  0
 with runways 2,440-3,659 m:
  2
 with runways 1,220-2,439 m:
  2
Telecommunications:
  125,000 telephones; broadcast stations - 6 AM, 2 FM, 5 (2 relays) TV;
  370,000 radios, 325,000 TV; satellite communications ground stations - none



@end display

@node Defense Forces (Macedonia)
@section Defense Forces (Macedonia)

@display

Branches:
  Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Force, Police Force
Manpower availability:
  males age 15-49 597,024; fit for military service 484,701; reach military
  age (19) annually 18,979 (1993 est.)
Defense expenditures:
  7 billion denars, NA% of GNP (1993 est.); note - conversion of the military
  budget into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce
  misleading results



@end display